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Parker "21"


1948-1965

HISTORY


The Parker "21" was a school pen that followed the design of the Parker 51, but made in cheaper plastic and with an alloy 8-metal nib rather than gold. There are two distinctive designs and five different clips in the 21-line. The first design, Mark I (1948–1951), had a larger section hole, showing more of the feed compared to the Parker 51. Also, the nib was not as tubular as the Parker 51 nib. The nib and feed were fitted tightly into the filler unit with the section screwing loosely over the top — the screw had a rather more "hollow" space in it and, because of this, could contain and hold more ink. Mark I had the body imprint "Parker 21 Made in USA" and also a date imprint. Twist action pencils were also offered. In 1951, the Parker "21" Special was introduced with a stainless steel cap.
The first design cost $5 and were offered with two different clip-styles: Tapered with a "ridge" on top, no imprints and the other had an inverted Ridge-clip.

Parker 21 with enamel fish scale cap
 
A Parker "21" with enamel fish scale cap.

The Parker 21 Mark I range:
• Black
• Red
• Green
• Blue
• Brown

A triplette Parker 21 de Luxe, 1956
 
A triplette Parker "21" de Luxe, 1956

The trouble with this first design was that the ink dried on the feed too quickly if the pen was left unused for a while, but also that it sometimes too willingly released ink and created a nice blob; it also frequently leaked in the cap. So, in 1952, the complete Parker 21 line was redesigned. It is important, though, to remember that all parts between the two Parker 21 designs are not interchangeable. The nib and feed can be exchanged, the section and filler cannot. The Mark II's redesigned section fitted snugly over the nib and feed — they are easily told apart since the Mark I nib and feed were attached to the filler unit when the section was unscrewed; Mark II "stuck" in the section.
The Parker 21 quickly became very popular and soon took over 60 percent of Parker's over-$5 market. Also in 1952, the Parker "21" Custom was introduced with a gold-filled cap, as well as the Parker "21" DeLuxe, which had a chrome cap with gold-filled trim. By 1952, the cost for a pen was $5.75 and $4.75 for a pencil. This could be compared with a Parker 51, that cost $15, a Parker 51 Special that cost $12.50, and a bottom-line (new) Parkette, which you could buy for a mere $3.50.

The Parker 21 range in 1952:
• Black
• Red
• Green
• Blue
• Charcoal Grey
• Brown

Debutante with the Fish scale cap
Image © courtesy of Glenn Garside
The Parker "21" Debutante with the Fish scale cap.

By 1953 the Parker 21 Super was introduced. It sported a clip that was to survive well into the 1990s on another pen, introduced in 1960, the Parker "45". This new clip was more stylised than the previous and had fewer "feathers". The first Parker 21 Super pens had, in fact, the Ridge clip but with the addition of the Parker 45-clip and an imprint. But soon, the new clip was adopted to the line. Also in 1953, a Parker "21" desk pen was offered in black.
In 1955, a Liquid Lead Parker "21" pencil was offered. The rest of the line stayed the same until 1958, when the colour Light Blue was added to the line. Also introduced this year was the Parker "21" Flighter — an all-steel pen that sported a red plastic gripping section. When the Parker "41" Debutante was discontinued in 1958, the white enamel cap (with a gold pattern usually referred to as the "fish scale") was instead offered on the Parker "21" range. They already had the correct "45" style clip and fitted in style and size the Parker "21". Most Debutante "21" have been found in Dark Blue. There are also Demonstrator models known.

Parker 21
Parker 21
Parker 21
Parker 21
Parker 21
Parker 21
 
A collection of Parker "21" in different colours and clips, 1960's.

While the Parker 45 was introduced in 1960 at a price of $5, it was in fact cheaper than the Parker 21 and sported a gold nib, as opposed to the octanium nib of the Parker 21. The new cartridge filling system also won the public's approval and, in 1965, the Parker 21 was discontinued.
They are today very common and often excellent writers. A lot of "high class" collectors use them as their everyday pen. Due to the cheaper plastic, they are, however, relatively easy to break — especially the sections, which are often found with cracks.

Parker 21 Debutante with the Fish scale cap.
Image © courtesy of Glenn Garside
The Parker "21" Debutante with the Fish scale cap.

(Updated 2019)